Despite the name intramuscular sometimes appearing in discussions of SS-31 for athletic purposes, the standard physician-prescribed protocol uses subcutaneous injection
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Specifically, analyzed were the affected brain areas (04), cerebral (NTP-7, Level 3), cerebellar cortex (NTP-7, Level 6), and hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus (NTP-7, Level 3) as follows (score 0 indicates no histopathologic change): score 1: small, patchy, complete, or incomplete infarcts (10% of the area affected)
Hsieh MJ, et al
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1602976 Received 30 March 2025 Revised 13 November 2025 Accepted 14 November 2025 Published 19 December 2025 Volume 16 - 2025 Edited by Bernd Rosenkranz, Fundisa African Academy of Medicines Development, South Africa Reviewed by Kacper Nijakowski, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland Miriam Njoki Karinja, Science for Africa Foundation, Kenya Updates Copyright 2025 Mazur, Ndokaj, Salerno, Vallone, Ardan, Bietolini, Carrouel, Wilk, Sarig, Ottolenghi and Bourgeois
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