The clinical drug development program was halted in 2007 after the pivotal Phase IIb trial did not show statistically significant weight loss in the primary endpoint
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
Why mitochondria matter As you might recall from your high school biology textbook, mitochondria are considered the powerhouses of the cell because of their role as energy suppliers, intercellular signalers, and metabolic coordinators.3 As such, theyre central to a biological process called apoptosis (cell death), which involves the disposal of damaged or abnormal cells.4 Also, apart from the nucleus, mitochondria are the only other parts of a human cell that carry DNA.5 Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction is inextricably linked to health conditions stemming from cellular breakdown and chromosomal changes, both of which correlate with aging.6 7 Apart from primary mitochondrial diseases such as Leigh syndrome and MELAS syndrome, these health conditions include but arent limited to:8 9 10 Cancer Diabetes Heart disease Kidney diseases Neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimers and Parkinsons) Hearing loss Eyesight abnormalities Oxidative stress Metabolic imbalance Inflammation Myalgic encephalomyelitis, or ME/CFS (potentially
Non-bold represents slower contributing factors (e.g., 5 to 10 years)
This may come as a shock to you but vitamin B12 is INCREDIBLY safe
Phase Initial 4 weeks Daily Dose 300 mcg Volume 0.18 mL Units (U-100) 18 units Phase Maintenance (weeks 5-12) Daily Dose 500 mcg Volume 0.30 mL Units (U-100) 30 units Phase Optional extension Daily Dose 300-500 mcg Volume 0.18-0.30 mL Units (U-100) 18-30 units This summarizes the published research-context dose range (commonly cited 300-500 mcg/day)
