and a brief handling reference
By delivering the B12 directly into your muscle, the vitamin bypasses the digestive system entirely, allowing for complete and immediate absorption
Conditions affecting any stage of this absorption pathwayincluding pernicious anaemia (an autoimmune condition destroying intrinsic factor-producing cells), Crohn's disease, coeliac disease, or surgical removal of stomach or ileal tissuecan significantly impair B12 absorption despite its water-soluble properties
clinical relevance
If we discuss it too casually, we risk normalizing an unapproved drug with limited human evidence and unknown long-term risks
[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 19.Cervelli V, Garcovich S, Bielli A, Cervelli G, Curcio BC, Scioli MG, Orlandi A, Gentile P