Thiamine overdose symptoms are unlikely to occur because this vitamin will be excreted in urine when consumed in excess
Cell systems do not reproduce digestion, organ distribution, immune responses, long-term toxicity or human behaviour
Moreover, individuals who are malnourished, have cancer, are elderly, pregnant, or are alcoholics are also at higher risk in suffering the lack of vitamin B12
B12 injections are typically administered intramuscularlyusually in the upper arm or thigh
According to the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, alcohol consumption also prevents the body from fully utilizing the absorbed nutrients by altering their transport and storage
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044307 52 BrustelJMuramotoTFumimotoKEllinsJPearsCJLakinND