While reported microbial signatures are frequently inconsistent across cohorts due to variations in body mass index, dietary patterns, ethnicity, geography, sequencing platforms, bioinformatic pipelines, and exposure to agents like metformin or hormonal therapy, the majority of human studies remain cross-sectional and are therefore unable to differentiate causation from consequence
A medical weight loss program targets the underlying causes of weight gain and obesity so patients can lose weight and keep it off for good
Dana Goldman is the director of the USC Schaeffer Institute for Public Policy & Government Service
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Intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria