Ceriello A, Giugliano D, Quatraro A, Lefebvre PJ
A study analyzing over 37 million adults with type 2 diabetes reported a heightened incidence of NAION among those prescribed the drug
The affinity ratios embedded in the engineered peptides produce downstream biology that the separate components, dosed independently, do not reproduce
A 2025 meta-analysis found that weight decreased by about 0.04 kg per day, while fat-free mass decreased by about 0.007 kg per day
Less common but more serious potential effects may include: Pancreatitis, gallbladder issues, kidney problems, and severe gastrointestinal symptoms
Further research into GLP-1 suggests it has actions outside of its effects on glucose homeostasis