Insulin resistance can affect blood sugar regulation, fat storage and appetite control
Cardiovascular protection by SGLT2 inhibitors Do anti-inflammatory mechanisms play a role
This can slow down the transportation of semaglutide to the tissues that need it, reducing its effectiveness
Zhang X, Halberstam AA, Zhu W, Leitner BP, Thakral D, Bosenberg MW, et al
Abbreviations GI: Gastrointestinal PDAC: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ECM: Extracellular matrix hpCAFs: Human pancreatic cancer associated fibroblasts TME: Tumor microenvironment LFD: Low fat diet HFD: High fat diet OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test H&E: Hematoxilin/eosin PanIN: Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia NGS: Next generation sequencing SEMA: Semaglutide GO: Gene ontology NES: Normalized enrichment score CPTAC: Clinical proteomic tumor analysis consortium ND: Non-dysmetabolic D: Dysmetabolic TCGA: The cancer genome atlas GLP1: Glucagon like peptide 1 GLP1-RA: Glucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonist DEGs: Differentially expressed genes P4HA1: Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 1 E-cad: E-cadherin PanCK: Pancytokeratin aSMA: Alpha smooth muscle actin T2D: Type 2 diabetes GSEA: Gene Set Enrichment Analysis References Kassi E, Pervanidou P, Kaltsas G, Chrousos G
In summary, the microbiome produces a pharmacopoeia of neuroactive compounds