While these combinations are often clinically appropriate, careful monitoring is important
For patients, the non-injection options change the experience of therapy meaningfully and for many, it is the difference between starting therapy and not
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Salvage occurs at a lower rate in the blood compared to other tissues, where PreissHandler may even be the preferred pathway 11
The most common side effects are gastrointestinal (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, and indigestion), which are usually mild to moderate and dose-related
Access this article Similar content being viewed by others Abbreviations ALCAR: Acetyl-l-carnitine OCTN2: Organic cation transporter novel 2 CPT I: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I CPT II: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II CAT: Carnitine acetyltransferase MRS: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy 13 C-NMR: 13 C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy OGD: Oxygen-glucose deprivation HI: Hypoxia-ischemia TBI: Traumatic brain injury 3-NPA: 3-nitropropionic acid i.p.: Intraperitoneal CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin NGF: Nerve growth factor pNFH: Phosphorylated high-molecular weight neurofilament rCMRglc: Cerebral regional metabolic rate of glucose TBI: Traumatic brain injury TCA: Tricarboxylic acid References Jones LL, McDonald DA, Borum PR (2010) Acylcarnitines: role in brain