[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 57.Amblee A
Potential improvements depend on adherence, dosage alignment, and concurrent lifestyle factors such as sleep and nutrition
Activation of FXR stabilizes the nuclear co-repressor (NcoR) at the NF-B response element on the IL-1 promoter, while decreasing the expression of TNF-, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and IFN- mRNA, thereby reducing the extent of inflammation (Vavassori et al., 2009)
This specificity is important: the metabolic effects described in this article are tied to these olive-derived compounds specifically, not to polyphenols as a broad category
While GLP-1 and GIP receptor activation primarily reduce energy intake through appetite suppression and delayed gastric emptying, glucagon receptor activation continues to drive energy expenditure through thermogenesis and hepatic fat oxidation regardless of whether caloric intake has already decreased
When soluble fiber reaches the large intestine undigested, gut bacteria ferment it into short-chain fatty acids, primarily butyrate, propionate, and acetate
