Most of these agents act as inhibitors to affect downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines by blocking the corresponding targets, reducing symptoms and pain ( Figure 1 )
A discussion with your healthcare provider is crucial to determine the right plan for you
The primary molecular actions relevant to skin are: modulation of TGF- signaling (upregulating TGF-1 for collagen I/III synthesis while suppressing TGF-2 to prevent scarring), decorin upregulation for orderly collagen fibril assembly, MMP suppression paired with TIMP upregulation to preserve ECM integrity, and copper-dependent lysyl oxidase activation for collagen crosslinking
Product details and prices were reviewed on July 2, 2026
Aftercare Stay well-hydrated for the remainder of the day to support cellular processes Eat a nutritious meal after your injection to maintain stable blood sugar Mild redness or tenderness at the injection site is normal and resolves quickly Avoid alcohol for 24 hours after your injection Rest if you feel fatigued after the session some patients feel energized immediately, while others notice improvements over the following days Results & Timeline Many patients report feeling an increase in energy, mental clarity, and overall well-being within 24 to 48 hours after their first NAD+ injection
New England Journal of Medicine , 251 (5), 161168
