[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 97.Wang X., Wang J., Guo L., Wang X., Chen H., Wang X., Liu J., Tredget E.E., Wu Y
GHK is produced naturally in the body and binds to free copper ions in the blood, forming GHK-Cu
Here is the caveat that most consumer articles omit: the tripeptide in that landmark study was AHK-Cu L-alanyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper, sometimes labeled copper tripeptide-3 not GHK-Cu
It is not intended for diagnostic, therapeutic, or clinical applications
This coordination stabilizes copper in a biologically available form, allowing it to interact with cellular targets without generating oxidative stress. The copper ion also acts as a catalytic cofactor in enzymes involved in collagen cross-linking, antioxidant defense, and wound remodeling
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