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10.1007/s00418-015-1333-3 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Vijiaratnam N., Girges C., Auld G., Chau M., Maclagan K., King A., et al
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Heres how each one helps: Glutathione reduces melanin production and brightens overall skin tone Tranexamic acid stops inflammation that causes dark spots and melasma (brown patches) Niacinamide improves skin texture, reduces redness, and strengthens the skin barrier Together, these three ingredients attack dark spots from different angles, giving you faster and better results
Udelson D et al