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GSH is a non-enzymatic antioxidant, is an antioxidant synthesized by cells, and serves as a reversible oxygen donor through the conversion of the oxidation-reduction state of sulfhydryl groups, and mainly provides oxidation protection in the water phase in cells

Antioxidants (Basel), 13 (6), 706

Methylcobalamin acts as an essential cofactor in two primary enzyme reactions crucial for human metabolism: Homocysteine to Methionine Conversion: Methylcobalamin is required by the enzyme methionine synthase

Plasma Oxidized Glutathione: Showed no significant changes in either group

FIGURE 2 3.2 Inflammatory pathway activation via mtROS and mtDNA leakage 3.2.1 mtROS and the NLRP3 inflammasome mtROS is a potent activator of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a multiprotein platform composed of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 (Wang et al., 2024)

They are also used as diagnostic markers to aid in biomarker discovery and validation