Injectable medications ensure controlled hormone delivery, while patches rely on unproven transdermal methods that poorly transport hormone-based compounds
Native GLP-1 has been infused by the subcutaneous route (4.8 pmol/kg/min) using a portable insulin pump in a non-randomized study of subjects with type 2 diabetes over the age of 40 (mean age 55) with mean initial HbA1c of about 9%, and mean fasting glucose ~14 mM
Several individual lawsuits have been filed against Novo Nordisk, the manufacturer of Ozempic, alleging that the company failed to warn users about the risks of gastroparesis and severe gastrointestinal side effects
Novo Nordisk press release NEXT-GENERATION GLP THERAPY CAUSES REMARKABLE WEIGHT LOSS IN STUDY December 2025 Current GLP therapies target one or two hormone receptors
In that trial, 4,286 (24.3%) of patients had heart failure with 1,347 of those patients having heart failure with reduced ejection fraction dwarfing the small numbers studied in the initial trials mentioned previously
Yang Y, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Wei X, Wang T, Ma A
