The reaction was stopped by adding 3x SDS sample buffer and boiling at 95 C for 10 min before the samples were separated by SDS-PAGE and chain cleavage was analyzed by immunoblotting using a primary anti-SUMO2 antibody (Thermo, cat no
IL-18, interleukin 18
Relationship between RS, Aging, and Related Diseases Reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and halogen species, collectively referred to as reactive species (RS), are produced through various internal and external processes
Cell Death Dis 5(6):e1299 Patil SP, Jain PD, Ghumatkar PJ, Tambe R, Sathaye S (2014) Neuroprotective effect of metformin in MPTP-induced Parkinsons disease in mice
Upregulated hexokinase 2 expression induces the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons by promoting lactate production in Parkinsons disease
These alterations reflect the impairment of systemic metabolism in peripheral tissues, and indicate that schizophrenia should be regarded as not only a dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS), but also as a disorder of systemic metabolism