Wipe the vials rubber stopper with an alcohol swab before inserting a needle
Last reviewed: July 16, 2026 Last updated: July 16, 2026 Written by: Jay Hastings, CEO of PlexusDx Jay Hastings is the CEO of PlexusDx, a precision health company focused on genetic testing, blood biomarker insights, and personalized wellness recommendations
Sugary foods and refined carbohydrates provide little nutritional value and can cause blood sugar spikes followed by fatigue
Morrow CS, Smitherman PK, Diah SK, Schneider E, Townsend AJ
Broadly yes, on the article's account
The total human evidence base, as of this writing, consists of the following: 1) a Phase I safety trial of 42 healthy volunteers that was registered in 2015, canceled in 2016, and never published, 2) a retrospective case series of 12 patients with knee pain, no control group, and no validated outcome measure, and 3) a 2025 pilot safety study involving two healthy adults who received intravenous infusions at a single private clinic in Florida