FFAR3 and FFAR2 are present on hormone-producing enteroendocrine cells (EECs): exposure to SCFAs stimulates EECs differentiation (71), and binding of SCFAs to FFAR3 and FFAR2 results in altered gene expression and secretion of gut hormones, such as peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (72, 73)
Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2003;24:32933 Epigenetic Variations in Chromatin Caused by the Combination of Bioregulators with Heavy Metals During Aging | International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics n.d
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Musculoskeletal Muscle pain, fibromyalgia, increased osteopenia, osteoporosis, weakness, and migratory arthritis (joint pain)
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The growing use and increased prevalence of GLP-1 treatments have led to the recurring practical concern among clinicians: Can breath testing results still be trusted for these patients