Briefly, when muscle is injured, overused, or mechanically stretched, satellite cells are activated to enter the cell cycle through a cascade of events including nitric oxide (NO) radical-dependent release of the active form of HGF (a hetero-dimer of - and -chains) from its extracellular tethering and the subsequent presentation of HGF to the cell-membrane signaling receptor c-met, followed by the sequence of steps including proliferation to produce myoblast progeny, differentiation, and fusion with existing muscle fibers and/or to form new fibers 18,19,20,21,22, 31
Hormonal influence: DSIP has been linked to changes in LH (luteinizing hormone) and GH (growth hormone) release, suggesting a possible role in recovery, repair, and reproductive health
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A topical result does not transfer to an injection
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Yue et al., 2006