Naturally found in plasma, urine, CSF, and milk, DSIP plays a likely physiological role in humans and animals
The EU Cosmetics Regulation requires INCI listing but not concentration disclosure for most ingredients
49 OyadomariS.MoriM
(2020) Nucleotides cytidine and uridine associated with vitamin B12 vs B-complex vitamins in the treatment of low back pain: the NUBES study
The peptide completed six randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials involving over 900 participants, establishing excellent safety and tolerability
MECHANISM CATEGORIES RESEARCH CONDITIONS SAFETY Side effects Localized erythema (injection site) Transient hyperpigmentation (topical, in some users) Rare contact dermatitis Known interactions Vitamin C (theoretical copper-ascorbate redox cycling) Retinoids (may potentiate irritation when stacked topically) Contraindications Wilson's disease (copper-accumulation disorder) Active malignancy at the local site (theoretical, due to angiogenic activity) REGULATORY STATUS FDA Topical GHK-Cu formulations are marketed as cosmetic ingredients under FDA cosmetic regulation (cosmetics generally do not require FDA premarket approval)
