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These findings indicate that changes in the levels of metabolites produced by the gut microbiota under atherosclerotic conditions may weaken the stability of atherosclerotic plaques and worsen the advancement of atherosclerosis (Shen et al., 2021)

For instance, researchers have used sentiment lexicons and deep learning models to extract emotional signals from large-scale textual data, contributing to disease surveillance and offering targeted psychological support [110, 111]

Glucagon-like peptide-1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects on mouse colon smooth muscle cells through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/nuclear factor-B pathway in vitro

eClinicalMed 83 , 103213 (2025).

Recently, mitochondrial dysfunction, which results in altered electron transport chain as well as in more ROS generation and less ATP production, has emerged as a further mechanism contributing to the disease