glp-1 substance use disorder Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of disorders among US veterans with type 2 diabetes: cohort study Can GLP-1 medications prevent addiction

GLP-1 therapy to treat obesity among members without diabetes: three-year persistence. 2024

These observations suggest that GLP-1RAs may exert direct immunomodulatory actions beyond their metabolic effects

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Why Opioids Backfire With Repeated Use With repeated exposure, the nervous system adapts to opioids, leading to: Tolerance , requiring higher doses for the same effect (33,35) Dependence , with withdrawal symptoms when doses wear off (35) Opioid-induced hyperalgesia , a paradoxical increase in pain sensitivity (33,36) Rather than calming pain long term, opioids can sensitize the nervous system, making everyday stimuli feel more painful (33,36)

PLoS ONE 9:e96353 Qin B, Wang Q, Lu Y et al (2018) Losartan ameliorates calcium oxalate-induced elevation of stone-related proteins in renal tubular cells by inhibiting NADPH oxidase and oxidative stress

Patients typically report feeling more energized and mentally clear within a few days to a week after treatment