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B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for brain and nervous system function, as well as the production of red blood cells

It is designed to support the breakdown of stored fat while helping discourage the formation of new fat

Yang Z, Wang Q, Liu Y, Wang L, Ge Z, Li Z, Feng S, Wu C

While anecdotal reports are widespread, formal human clinical trials are limited

Lyophilization removes water from the peptide under carefully controlled conditions, producing a dry powder that is considerably more stable during manufacturing, shipping, and long-term storage than an already dissolved solution

Metabolic pathways: B12 is a cofactor in two critical reactions: Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase: Converts methylmalonyl CoA (from odd-chain fatty acids and some amino acids) into succinyl-CoA, which enters the Krebs (TCA) cycle to make ATP (cellular energy)