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In summary, from modulating microglial polarization and neutralizing pro-inflammatory cytokines, to targeting immune checkpoints and astrocyte-derived inhibitory pathways, immunomodulatory strategies offer multifaceted approaches to disrupt the ferroptosisinflammation interplay

239 Elevated expression of ATG genes, including ATG4B, ATG4D, ATG5, and BECN1, underscores its mechanistic relevance, 240 and ATG4B knockdown sensitizes cells to therapy

This selective action means it primarily targets growth hormone release, leaving other hormones like cortisol, prolactin, and aldosterone largely unaffected

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Days to weeks to replenish the depleted vesicular monoamine transporters (VMATs), monoamine oxidase (MAO), as well as catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), metabolize unprotected neurotransmitters, given the post-synaptic cell are consequently never excited [154,155]

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