IGF-1 LR3s Akt-FoxO3a-mediated suppression of ubiquitin-proteasome (Atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF-1 mRNA reduction 28-38%, measured by qPCR in denervation or dexamethasone atrophy models) and autophagy (ULK1 Ser-757 phosphorylation by mTORC1, LC3-II accumulation 22-28%) provides rapid, direct anti-catabolic signalling within 1-2 hours
To put that into perspective, a 1kg bag provides roughly 1,667 servings at 600mg daily or about 833 servings at 1,200mg daily
BPC 157 has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties potentially helping manage discomfort
Grape Seed Extract supports the strength of tissues throughout the body
Conversely, this may protect mitochondria from lipid toxicity caused by fatty acid oxidation failure and alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress (Reference Xu, Huang and Hu36)
The biosynthesis of its precursor, glucoraphanin, is a paradigm of specialized metabolism, orchestrated by a conserved pathway that transforms the primary amino acid L-methionine into a potent defense compound ( Figure 1 )