Glycemic mechanism and insulin sparing sensitization not secretion: fasting insulin and C-peptide fall while insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S) rises +31.8/+43.2/+49.9% (SURPASS J-mono, Hamamoto 2025)
Beyond their well-characterised effects on lowering blood glucose and body weight, GLP-1 medicines have been shown to improve outcomes in people with cardiovascular, kidney, liver, arthritis, and sleep apnea disorders
The use of GLP-1 drugs may be associated with an increased risk of bowel obstruction due to their mechanism of slowing gastric emptying and altering gut motility
Clinical Trial Design and Methodology Rigorous trial design separates genuine medical advances from pharmaceutical marketing
Zepbound is a dual-action (GLP-1/GIP) weekly injectable that is also FDA-approved for weight loss
Studies of GLP-1s show patients average weight loss ranges from 5% to 20% of their body weight