Interestingly, the isolated extracellular domain binds exendin-4 with much higher affinity than the endogenous agonist GLP-1
These medicationsincluding semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy), dulaglutide (Trulicity), and liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda)use very fine needles (2932 gauge) designed to reduce pain during subcutaneous administration
A recently published retrospective cohort study published in JAMA Network Open on July 5, 2024, noted a decrease in eleven obesity-associated cancers (OACs) in patients taking GLP-1 medications
These include: Vegetarians and vegans, as vitamin B12 is mainly found in animal products Older adults, as they absorb vitamin B12 less well with age People with gastrointestinal disorders, like celiac disease or Crohns disease, which can block vitamin B12 absorption Those taking certain medications, such as proton pump inhibitors or metformin, which can also block vitamin B12 absorption Its best to talk to a healthcare professional about whether you need vitamin B12 supplements
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are orally active and have a long half-life, enabling once-daily dosing
One way to up your daily dose of probiotics is to include fermented foods (think kimchi, kefir, sauerkraut, miso, tempeh and cultured yoghurt) in your diet
