Managing B12 Levels While Using GLP-1/GIP Therapy Proactive management of vitamin B12 status should be integrated into the care pathway for patients prescribed GLP-1/GIP medicines , particularly those with additional risk factors for deficiency
Recording food intake, bowel movements, and any associated symptoms provides valuable information for clinical review
Clinical translation requires consideration of long-term biocompatibility, manufacturing scalability, integration with digital health technologies, and regulatory standardization [32,33,34]
Overall, current evidence suggests that combination therapy is biologically plausible and clinically promising, but definitive conclusions regarding incremental benefit in established HF await dedicated randomized outcome trials
However, large-scale, high-quality RCTs with extended follow-up are essential to validate long-term renoprotective effects and assess impacts on clinically meaningful outcomes such as kidney failure, cardiovascular events, and mortality
An update